Chewing on fingers or hands is a common behavior observed in young children, often beginning in infancy. This action is generally a natural reflex linked to early developmental stages and self-discovery. Understanding the difference between a temporary, harmless phase and a persistent habit requiring intervention is helpful for parents and caregivers. This article explores the reasons behind this behavior and outlines when to consider seeking professional guidance.
Developmental Reasons for Finger Chewing
The act of putting hands or fingers into the mouth is a fundamental way infants explore their environment, representing a natural stage of oral exploration. This behavior also signals a milestone in fine motor skill development, as babies gain coordination and realize their hands are under their own control, often beginning between four and seven months of age.
Chewing on fingers frequently serves as a mechanism for self-soothing, providing comfort and security, much like pacifiers or blankets. The sucking reflex is powerful in early life, and placing a finger in the mouth helps regulate emotions when a baby is tired, overwhelmed, or anxious. This oral input can be calming, helping them relax and transition to sleep.
Finger chewing may also be a response to the discomfort of teething. The pressure applied by gnawing on fingers or hands helps massage sore, swollen gums as teeth begin to erupt. Offering a clean finger or appropriate teething toy can provide relief during this temporary phase.
When Does Finger Chewing Become a Concern?
Finger chewing and sucking is usually a temporary behavior that fades as a child finds new ways to interact with the world. The habit is typically no cause for worry during the first few years of life, with many children stopping on their own between the ages of two and four. Intervention is generally not necessary until the habit persists beyond the preschool years.
A persistent habit that continues past the age of four, especially with high frequency or intensity, may indicate a need for attention. Aggressive action can begin to affect the alignment of the mouth and teeth. The behavior moves beyond a normal developmental phase when it is constant, interferes with daily activities, or causes noticeable physical damage to the fingers.
Observing the context of the chewing is important for determining if it signals an underlying issue. If the behavior is primarily linked to periods of stress, anxiety, or extreme fatigue, it suggests the child is relying on the habit as a coping mechanism. Behaviors like excessive finger chewing can be a physical manifestation of emotional distress.
Potential Health and Dental Consequences
Prolonged and intense finger or thumb sucking past the age of four can significantly impact the development of the oral structure. The continuous pressure of the digit against the roof of the mouth and front teeth can lead to malocclusion, or misalignment of the teeth and jaw. This includes the development of an open bite, where the top and bottom front teeth do not meet when the mouth is closed.
The constant force can also alter the shape of the palate, which may affect speech patterns and make certain sounds difficult to pronounce. An aggressive habit can also cause a crossbite, where the upper teeth fit inside the lower teeth. If the habit continues until the permanent teeth begin to emerge, typically around age six or seven, the risk of long-term dental issues increases.
Beyond dental concerns, chronic finger chewing can compromise the integrity of the skin. Constant moisture and friction can lead to cracked skin, calluses, or paronychia, which is an infection around the fingernail bed. Additionally, frequently placing hands in the mouth increases the risk of ingesting pathogens, contributing to the spread of illness.
Strategies for Discouraging the Habit
For infants and young toddlers, the focus is on redirection rather than stopping a natural reflex. Caregivers can offer appropriate sensory alternatives, such as teething toys, chewable jewelry, or a pacifier, to satisfy the infant’s oral need. Ensuring the baby is fed, rested, and comfortable can also reduce the need to self-soothe.
When addressing the habit in older children, positive reinforcement is more effective than punitive measures like shaming or scolding. Parents can implement a reward system, celebrating periods when the child successfully avoids the habit. Identifying and addressing the emotional triggers, such as boredom, anxiety, or stress, is a fundamental step in behavioral modification.
For children who seek deep pressure input through chewing, offering resilient, designated chew items like chew tubes can provide a safe and acceptable outlet. If the habit persists or causes physical harm despite gentle intervention, consulting a professional may be necessary. A pediatrician, pediatric dentist, or a behavioral therapist can provide tailored strategies and recommend habit-breaking appliances if dental risks are high.