Experiencing pain in the nose or surrounding facial area specifically while chewing can be confusing. This discomfort signals irritation within the complex network of bones, nerves, and air-filled cavities that make up the mid-face. The pain felt in the nasal region is often not caused by the nose itself but results from underlying inflammation or pressure transmitted through interconnected facial structures.
Sinus and Nasal Structure Irritation
A frequent cause of pain felt in the nasal area during chewing involves the air-filled spaces behind the cheeks, known as the maxillary sinuses. When the lining of these sinuses becomes inflamed (sinusitis), fluid and mucus accumulate, creating internal pressure. This pressure buildup is then transmitted to the surrounding bony structures and nerves.
The roots of the upper back teeth (molars and premolars) sit directly beneath the floor of the maxillary sinus, separated by a thin layer of bone. Sinus inflammation pushes down on the nerve endings supplying these tooth roots, often causing a dull, aching sensation across the upper jaw. When chewing, muscle movement and slight shifts in the jawbone structure momentarily increase pressure on the sensitized sinus wall. This mechanical aggravation of the inflamed tissue translates into pain or fullness near the nose and cheekbone area.
Referred Pain from the Jaw and Teeth
Pain that begins in the mouth or jaw but is perceived in the nasal area is known as referred pain, often due to shared nerve pathways. One common source is an odontogenic infection, such as a dental abscess or severe decay, particularly in the upper molars. Because the roots of these teeth are close to the maxillary sinus floor, an infection can penetrate this barrier, causing direct irritation to the sinus lining. While a true dental infection causes sharp, localized pain in a single tooth upon biting, the resulting sinus inflammation can radiate pain to the nasal region.
Another source of referred pain is a disorder affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which connects the jawbone to the skull. Dysfunction or inflammation in this joint or the surrounding chewing muscles can irritate branches of the trigeminal nerve. This nerve is responsible for sensation throughout the face, including the sinuses and nasal passages. When jaw muscles strain during chewing, the nerve irritation can be misinterpreted as pain felt in the nose or temple. This discomfort may also be accompanied by clicking sounds in the joint or a sensation of the jaw locking.
The Anatomical Connection: How Chewing Triggers Pain
The physical action of chewing acts as a mechanical trigger that intensifies existing inflammation or nerve irritation in the mid-face. The upper jawbone, called the maxilla, forms the floor of the eye sockets, the sides of the nose, and the roof of the mouth. When the muscles of the jaw contract during chewing, they exert force on this bone complex.
These forces cause subtle micro-movements and pressure changes within the facial skeleton. If the maxillary sinus is congested, muscular action compresses the area, briefly spiking internal pressure and exacerbating the pain. If the trigeminal nerve is hyper-sensitized due to TMJ strain, repetitive muscle movement stimulates the nerve, causing a flash of pain registered in the nasal region. Moving the jaw transfers mechanical energy directly to the site of inflammation or nerve impingement.
Treatment and When to Consult a Doctor
Immediate relief for mild, presumed sinus-related pain can often be achieved with over-the-counter pain relievers and decongestants to reduce inflammation and pressure. Using saline nasal rinses or a neti pot can help flush out congested sinuses, alleviating pressure on the upper jaw. If the pain seems muscular or joint-related, adopting a temporary soft-food diet reduces strain on the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. Applying a warm compress to the face or jaw area can also help relax tense muscles.
Consult a healthcare professional if the pain persists for more than seven to ten days or if it is accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
When to See a Dentist
A dentist should be consulted if the pain is localized to a single tooth, if there is visible swelling of the gums, or if the pain is sharp when biting down. This evaluation can rule out or treat an underlying dental infection.
When to See an ENT
An ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT) should be seen if you have persistent nasal discharge, congestion, or facial pressure that does not respond to standard cold remedies.
Seek immediate medical attention if the pain is accompanied by a high fever, severe headache, sudden facial swelling, or changes in vision (such as double vision or redness around the eyes). These symptoms can indicate a serious or rapidly spreading infection that requires urgent intervention.