Hearing clicking, popping, or crackling sounds in the ear while chewing is a widely reported symptom. These noises are common and result from the close anatomical relationship between the jaw and the ear structures. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which connects the lower jaw to the skull, sits directly in front of the ear canal. Mechanical issues with this joint or changes in nearby ear pressure translate into an audible sound. Understanding the source, whether joint or middle ear, is the first step toward finding relief.
The Role of the Jaw Joint
The most frequent origin of noises during chewing is a mechanical issue with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This joint functions as a sliding hinge, allowing movements necessary for eating, speaking, and yawning. Because the ear canal is located immediately next to the joint, sounds produced by the jaw are easily heard.
The most common mechanical sound is a click or pop, which often indicates a Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD). Inside the TMJ is a small, protective articular disk that cushions the jawbone and the skull. This disk can become displaced, slipping out of its normal position when the jaw moves.
When the jaw is opened or closed, the displaced disk snaps back into or out of place, creating a distinct clicking or popping sound. This displacement often happens repeatedly at the same point in the jaw’s movement. A less common but more concerning sound is a grating or scraping noise, called crepitus, which suggests that the protective cartilage has worn down, allowing the bones to rub against each other.
TMD symptoms are not limited to noise; people often experience pain or tenderness in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. Headaches, especially around the temples, and difficulty opening the mouth wide are commonly reported signs. Sometimes, the jaw may feel stiff or momentarily lock in an open or closed position, signifying a more severe joint dysfunction.
Sounds Related to the Middle Ear and Pressure
Noises perceived during chewing can originate from internal ear structures, primarily the Eustachian tube and middle ear muscles. The Eustachian tube is a narrow passage connecting the middle ear to the throat, and its role is to equalize air pressure. It is normally closed, opening only when swallowing, yawning, or chewing, which explains why chewing can trigger ear sounds.
When this tube is blocked or inflamed, Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (ETD) occurs. If the tube opens or closes improperly during chewing, it can cause a characteristic popping, clicking, or crackling sound. ETD is frequently related to congestion from allergies, a common cold, or rapid altitude changes.
Another internal cause involves the involuntary spasms of the middle ear muscles, a condition called myoclonus. The muscles involved are the tensor tympani and the stapedius, which dampen loud sounds. Spasms in these muscles can cause a fluttering, thumping, or clicking sound perceived in the ear.
The tensor tympani muscle is connected to the trigeminal nerve, which also innervates the jaw, explaining why jaw movement can trigger these spasms. Myoclonus is a less common cause than TMD or ETD, but the resulting sound is often persistent. A simpler cause of clicking is excessive or impacted earwax (cerumen), which can shift when the jaw moves and cause an audible clicking or muffled sound.
Addressing the Noise and When to Seek Help
For mild cases of ear noise related to pressure, simple self-care techniques provide relief. If Eustachian Tube Dysfunction is the suspected cause, encouraging the tube to open may help. This can be achieved by chewing gum, yawning widely, or performing the Valsalva maneuver (blowing air out gently while pinching the nostrils shut).
For jaw-related noises, reducing strain on the temporomandibular joint is recommended. This includes switching to a soft diet temporarily, avoiding chewy or hard foods, and using moist heat or ice on the jaw joint to reduce pain and inflammation. Gentle jaw stretches and avoiding habits like teeth clenching or excessive gum chewing support joint recovery.
It is important to seek professional medical attention if the noise is accompanied by more severe symptoms. A doctor’s visit is warranted if you experience persistent pain that does not resolve with self-care, significant hearing loss, or a feeling of spinning or unsteadiness. Warning signs include the inability to open the mouth fully, frequent jaw locking, or facial swelling.
Depending on the primary symptoms, an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist can assess for ear-related causes like ETD. Dentists, oral surgeons, or physical therapists evaluate for jaw disorders. Early consultation helps determine if the noise is a temporary annoyance or a sign of an underlying issue requiring specific treatment, such as a dental appliance or physical therapy.